The Fmoc (Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) group is the most important temporary protecting group of the α-amino group in Fmoc peptide chemistry. It can be removed with 20% piperidine in DMF (Dimethylformamide)[1,2] and under other basic conditions[3]. However piperidine is toxic[4] and DMF is harmful and had been proposed to the Annex XVII REACH restriction list by The European Commission [5] . In order to replace piperidine and DMF, we used NaOH as a Fmoc removal reagent in a mixture of water and other green solvents such as ethanol, MeOH and DMSO, the Fmoc group was removed successfully under mild conditions during SPPS the biodegradable resin-ℇ-poly -Lys solid support.
- Atherton, E, Fox, H., Harkiss, D., Logan, J., Sheppard, R, and Williams, B. J. (1978) A mild procedure for solid phase peptide synthesis: use of fluorenyl-methoxycarbonylamino-acids J. Chem. Soc, Chem Commun 537–539.
- Atherton, E., Fox, H, Harkiss, D, and Sheppard, R. C (1978) Application of polyamide resins to polypeptide synthesis: an improved synthesis of β-endorphin using fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino-acids. J. Chem. Soc., Chem Commun 539,540.
- Michael W. Pennington and Ben M. Dunn (1995) Peptide Synthesis Protocols pp 17-27. Part of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series (edited by Gregg B. Fields), (MIMB, volume 35)
- European Chemicals Agency-Piperidine, https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.467.
- Chemical Watch, 06 October 2020, https://chemicalwatch.com/162874/eu-commission-proposes-reach-restriction-on-uses-of-dmf.